Concealed roofing nail



Oct. 13, 1936..` v c. BUGHER 2,057,003

CONCEALEDv ROOFING NAIL Filed Oct. 17, 1954 @zo @e zo @5i/0 l fnenof;

AMO/"new,

Patented Oct. 13,' 1936 UNITEDfSATA-T-s This invention relates to theart'of roongnails Ato be employedto secure roofing materials inthe form of roll roofing or cut shingles of composition materials to a deck in Vsuchmanner thatthe shank lof the nail is at all times covered over'where it passes through the roofing material itself so vas Yto prevent leakage of water down'- around the shank. Heretofore-` considerabledifficulty' yhad been encountered in maintainingroofs against leakage where the heads of attaching'nails-rare left exposed. Within atvery shorttimesuch nails will generally work loose under. the freezing and thawing action so that the nails will Yactually lift. Also simultaneously the .rroong material will draw and tend to causethefhole through -which the nail passes throughthe roofing material itself to increase in size so thatwater may readily pass down around the nail through the roofing 'material. This diiiiculty is'not'encounterediwhere the nail head isscovered overbyva lap lofthe roofing material. However, .it is :apparent that` the lordinary nail cannot be driven :down through .the roofing and have its head concealed without leaving a lap unsecured Vthereover. 1

It is an important object of my -inventionto provide a nail structure which maybe driven through roong material in {such` a manner that the next row of 'material A,thlereabove may be lapped over the nail proper,1b1- 1tat the same time have that-,over-lapping edge securedgin place, by thatsame nail.'v v,

Further objects and advantagesof myfinvention are found inthe l,simplicity .of the structure employed and in the-simplicity-of theoperation thereof. The nail used v=is in one piece and may be readily formed automatically at relatively low cost.

The invention is described with reference being made to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 is a detail in vertical section through a roof indicating the application of my invention;

Fig. 2, a view in perspective of a nail embodying my invention;

Fig. 3, a transverse horizontal section on the line 3--3 in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4, a side elevation;

Fig. 5, a side elevation of a modified form of the invention;

Fig. 6, a transverse horizontal section on the line 6 6 in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7, a side elevation of a further modified form of the invention;

Fig. 8, a bottom plan view;

Fig. 9, a side elevation of a still further modified form, and

Fig.: 19,7a. bottomplan view. y p .--fLike charactersbfreference indicate like parts -throughout the Yseveral-views inthe drawing.

Referring frst :to the formigof. invention as shown ,in.Figs.2-.4, Itake-aiiiat pieceof metal .1 ,and bend. one -enddownwardly therefrom sub- .stantially at right .angles thereto to form a shank vIIJ-:which is .herein .shown as.. being U-shaped in Ycross section. The` lower end is vpointed to facili- .tate driving... From` theupper end'of thispsharik- :IB ahead portion I I- extends fora distance there- ,from'to vhave turned upwardly fromthe other end -:an arm- I2- to be leftapproximately Yat right .angles thereto.- VThe upper endiof this arm I2 is provided with one or more over-turned barbs I3.

A'under to leavel a more or less reenforced juncture between the shank and the head VI I.

In employing the nail just-described, a lower row I4.of. roofing material, Whether it be strip shingles, individual shingles, or roll roong,. is putin position on the roofrdeck I5 then `a row of the nails just described are driven in a line below ,therupper edgeof that material in the row I4. These nails are driven by striking the head I I directly* over! the-shank .IBI Vwhich cause the shank I' to pierce the material in the row I4 and travel on into the deck I5' thereunder. By reason of the column-like shank open within, the center of the shank will be filled with the material of the roof and deck and this filling resists greatly the withdrawal of the nail. When the nails are driven as above indicated, they will be in some such position as indicated in Fig. 1 where the arm I2 is extending normally from the roof as indicated by the dash lines.

Then the next row I5 of the roong material is laid in position with its lower edge over-lapping the upper portion of the row I4. The lower edge of the row I5 is positioned by resting against the upturned arms I2. These arms I2 are then bentV around and over the lower edge of the row I5 to come into the position as indicated by the solid lines wherein the barbs I3 penetrate the material and thus rmly grip the lower edge of that material between the arm 2 and the head I I'of Yeach inail.V Y

It is thus to be noted that the shank IB of each nail is spaced upwardly a distance from the lower edge of the over-lapping row I5 so that this overlapping edge thoroughly conceals and covers over the places in the row I4Y where the nail shanks have passed through the roong material. kBy reason of therclose bending of the shank I0 into the `column structure immediatelyadjacent the under side of the headl II,.the juncture of that head with thershank is reenforced and prevented Y from being bent upwardly under wind pressures.

. Referring to Figs. 3 andi, particularly, the`Y juncture between theV head II andshank I0 isso `formed'that the center portion of the head Il Vextends horizontally to the` outer-inost vertical line of the shank I0 as atawhereas' the-lateral edges of the head II terminate atthepoints orA about the central vertical planof the shank.`

By this formation `there'is'nota straight linebend `betweenA thehead I I and shank I0,{but an angular one 'which causesthe resistance lto bending between the twoV members at their juncture., Of course the shank I0 maybe formed by bringingrits free vertical Vedges aroundto meet asin Figs. 51and 6 to form a complete circularcolurnn where it is desired to do so.V The same vresult withdrawal than ,will the perfectly flat shank 20.'

f Vrnay be .accomplished byforming the nail .from

wire as indicatedin Figs.-7 and 8 where the shank I6 is left in the round condition with its lower end V'pointed and then aportion of the wire is flattened to be bent around from the upperend of the shank to form the head Il, arm I8 and barbs I9.

VPreferal'olythe juncture between the flathead I'I 1 and'round'shank I6 is made by bending the flat portion Yaway from the round first Yto* the right 'andathen around sharply tothe left as in Figs. '7

and 8 so that there'is an 'over-lapping ofthe shank I6 by the head I'I causing Ahammer blows'in drivingvthe shank to be delivered in the direction of the lengthof the shank to atten the head against the end of the shank and seat the shank without bending it.V Y

` Of course, the nail may 2be formed asin Figs. 9 and 10 from :dat material to have `the shank 20 left in the flat condition. Howeverfthere may be some resistance whereinv the flat 'shank'- 20 will not Vafford suflicient resistance towithdraw from kthe roof deck to afford the safety required. The forms above described afford more resistance to The'nails in any form may be provided'to have "Shanks of lengths suitabiefortne job. For 1n- -55Y stance, where the roofing material is to be laid 2,057,003 y Y e, directly over a wooden deck, the shank is of that Vmaterial overlapping the head.

length which will preferably terminate by'its sharpened end' just before it passes through the deck to the under side. Where the roofing material is to be laid over an old roof, the shank will be made longer so that it will pass through the old roof and well within the deck'thereunder. Of course. the shanks may be made'sumciently long to penetrate entirely through the woodendeck although afterthe deck is oncepassed through, further extension of the shanks therefrom affords no particular advantage.

the head,particularly where a new roof is being laid directly on the wooden deck. This propor- .tion,'ho.wever`,^ will be changed where the shanks must be Vlonger to pass through an old roof into the deck;` in which case the head is preferablyY left x @It is to be noted that the proportioningof the Y nail is preferably made to be such that the Vshank f 'l length is .approximately equal to theY length of the same length, butthe shank isincreased to be V somewhatlongerrthan the head; being in some .cases twice thatlength. l. ,e

In all of the forms shown',;the sharpened pointV `ofv the nail end is derived from the atend of the Varm I2 orfI8','-of the adjacent nail whenlin lthe".

" A concealed'roongnail formed `from a single sheet metal strip comprising an elongated nonperforate head, a shank with a longitudinal Llshapev channel'extending downwardly from one end of the head substantially at'right angles Vthereto with the parallel edges of the channel toward and under" the head,gthe walls of the channel ^next-to the'Y head being bent thereunder into con-` tact therewith and-the edges of the channel being inwardly of theedgeslof the head and connected with the edges" ofithehead all to reenforce the joint andfdeliver'stres'ses on the'fhead longitudinally of the shank in driving the nail, and an arm bendable fromthe head at its opposite end adapted to be folded around the edge of the roofing cLaRENCE BUGHER. 

